- He is returning - said Arthur
After a few minutes, Koushiro entered the classroom.
- Professor, she told the boy that she does not attend school - he said
- Does not attend? Weird, but I do not have time for that. Although she looks familiar, but never mind. Let us continue. Now, as I have said, Martel, after his victory, did not proclaim himself king, but instead let his son, Peppin the Short take this honor. The
de iure King, Chlideric III died in 747, when Peppin came to rule. But he was not crowned until 751. With that coronation, Peppin also founded the Carolingian dynasty, the second, and the last Frankish dynasty. He named the dynasty Carlolingian in honor of his father, Charles, or
Carlous on Latin. So, the Merovingian dynasty was founded by Clovis and is named after Merovech, and the Carolingian was founded by Pappin and is named after Charles Martel. So, Peppin became the first Carolingian king in 751 and he started ruling differently than his father almost instantly. He immedeately returned the vast amounts of land to the Church and, in 752, gave the Pope Stephen a state, called the Papal State. Although you may somewhere find 756 as the founding year, you treat the first year as the correct one. This move was very important for the Church. The Church had already had the 'spiritual rule' over Europe, but now, with a 'wordly' state, it could only expand its power over other states as a wordly state. That Papal State will lead several wars with several European countries later on - said Arthur
He looked at the watch. Only 10 more minutes.
- OK, we have 10 minutes. Just enought to finish Peppin's rule. Something more about the Papal State. The state managed to survive until 1870, more than a 1000 years, which is rather amazing fo a state that did not even have a strong army. The Pope also produced a document, called the
Constitutum Constantini or the Donation of Constantine in English, with which he proved that the famous Roman emperor granted the Pope wordly and spiritual power. In the 15th cenutry, a famous Italian theologist and preist proved thet the Donation of Constantine is actually a hoax and that Constantin never wrote such a document. But, during Peppins rule, who is also famous for beating the Langobards, the predcessors of modern-day Italians, no such proof existed and the document was considered as real and legal. These are the things you should remember Peppin by. He also had two sons, Charlemagne or
Carolus Magnus and Carloman I, who ruled as joint rulers after Peppin's death in 768. The joint rule ended in 771 when Carloman misteriously died and Charlemagne took over the position as a
dux solus, or only ruler in English, and he came managed to become the most powerful, most respected and most widely-known Frankish Emperor, but about his rule during the next lesson which is on Wednesday. See you then, oh and please look at the two pictures in your books. One of them is showin the hoax related to the Donation of Constantine and the second one is showing Lorenzo Valla.

- A 13th C. fresco of Sylvester and Constantine, showing the purported Donation. Santi Quattro Coronati, Rome
- 800px-Sylvester_I_and_Constantine.jpg (51.61 KiB) Viewed 2928 times

- A pencil portrait of Lorenzo Valla made by an anonymous author.
- Lorenzo_Valla.JPG (65.52 KiB) Viewed 2928 times
Just after he had said it, the bell rand.
- Thank you for your attention, see you tommorow on Music History - said Poe - now, again the second year and again the same lesson. Since I have a break, let me see what Sai is doing - he said as he was exiting and locking the classroom.
She was on the 4th floor, so he had to be quick if he wanted to see her, talk to her and then get back in the classroom on time. He went upstairs.